題 目: Understanding the STM and AFM contrast in graphene, reducible oxides and biomolecules
講演者: Ruben Perez (Professor, Autonomous University of Madrid, SPAIN)
日 時: 15:00-16:30
We’ll review the computational tools and protocols developed in our group in order to study the mechanical and transport properties of materials, and its application to the understanding of the atomic-resolution images obtained with the scanning tunneling (STM) and the force microscope (AFM) by different experimental groups on technologically relevant materials.
Firstly, we’ll focus on tuning of the electronic properties of graphene through the creation of defect and edge states, looking, in particular, to the connection of graphene with metal surfaces. Combining high resolution STM experiments and DFT calculations, we have unambiguously unveiled the atomic structure of the boundary between a graphene zigzag edge and a Pt(111) step. The graphene edges minimize their strain by inducing a 3-fold edge-reconstruction on the metal side. We have shown the existence of an unoccupied electronic state exclusively localized in the C-edge atoms of a particular graphene sublattice, which could be used to develop new dual-channel devices.
Metal oxides play a key role in a wide range of technological applications. While in many cases the same FM-AFM image can be explained by different models, and even different underlying tip-sample interactions, we show here that the combination of force spectroscopy (FS) measurements and first-principles simulations can provide an unambiguous identification of the tip structure and the image contrast mechanism in rutile TiO2 (110) and anatase TiO2 (101) surfaces. In the case of STM, we have made a comprehensive study of the (2√2x√2)R45゜ missing row reconstruction of the Cu(100) surface, using different tips and systematically varying bias voltage and tip sample distance, to explore the rich variety of image contrasts observed in the experiments.
Our results achieve a conclusive understanding of fundamental STM imaging mechanisms and provide guidelines for experimentalists to achieve chemically selective imaging by selecting imaging parameters.
Finally, we’ll present our recent work on the structure and functionality of biological systems in their native liquid environment. We’ll discuss the application of large-scale steered Molecular Dynamics simulations, based on classical potentials developed by the molecular biology community and the use of GPUs as processing units, provide insight into the protein-graphene biocompatibility, the flexibility map of human antibodies, and the hydration properties of self-assembled monolayers of single-stranded DNA and its possible use as a label-free DNA sensor.
題 目: Understanding the STM and AFM contrast in graphene, reducible oxides and biomolecules
講演者: 伊藤 篤史 (Atsushi M. Ito), Assistant Professor, National Institute for Fusion Science
時 間: 13:30-15:00
要 旨:Helium irradiation onto tungsten surfaces brings about the growth of fuzzy tungsten fibers in the diameter of several ten nano-meter. This material, which is called "tungsten nano-structure", was found by the research on a plasma facing tungsten material in the inside walls of nuclear fusion reactors.
Because the incident energy of the helium ions is less than that to sputter the tungsten atoms from the surface, the growth of the fuzzy fibers can be regarded as self-organized growth.
The formation process of the tungsten nano-structure is not classified into the deposition and processing/etching, which are two kinds of typical processes to create surface nano-structures.
The formation mechanisms of tungsten nano-structure have been not well understood.
We have grappled with the formation mechanisms of the tungsten-nano structure
by using density functional theory with the OpenMX developed in JAIST,
molecular dynamics and some simulation models. In this presentation,
we introduce the interesting tungsten nano-structure with our simulation researches.
題 目: Electronic structure and orbital polarization of LaNiO3/LaAlO3:
GGA, +U, and DMFT calculations
講演者: Myung Joon Han, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Physics, KAIST (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology)
時 間: 14:00-15:30
要 旨:Nickelate superlattices have created considerable interests especially due to the possible emergence
of high-temperature superconductivity caused by heterostructuring and onsite correlation.
To understand LaNiO3/LaAlO3-type of superlattices, we performed the electronic structure calculations.
The systematic study with GGA (generalized gradient approximation) and tight-bonding analysis clearly shows that the non-transition-metal counter ions (e.g., Al, Ga, In) can be used to control the orbital polarization even if these ions have nominally zero valence. Taking correlation effects into account within GGA+U and DMFT (dynamical mean-field theory), we show that this heterostructure is unlikely to produce one-band model physics and therefore high-temperature superconductivity may not be realized.
It is also found that the charge transfer between transition metal and oxygen is crucial, demonstrating the fundamental inadequacy of modeling the physics of
late transition-metal oxides with Hubbard-like models.
題 目: Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations in real space
講演者: Eiji Tsuchida, Researcher, Nanosystem Research Institute, AIST
時 間: 14:00-15:30
要 旨:I will introduce a method for large scale electronic structure calculations based on the finite element method. In particular, the choice of coordinates, multigrid-based Poisson solver, and the method for ground state calculations will be discussed.
I will also present our results on the Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simula- tions of several molecular liquids including the phosphoric acid and liquid ethanol.